General Information

  • ID:  hor002221
  • Uniprot ID:  P01344
  • Protein name:  Preptin
  • Gene name:  IGF2
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  During embryogenesis, detected in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and placenta. |Expressed in heart, placenta, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, tongue, limb, eye and pancreas.
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with IGF2 include Silver-Russell Syndrome 3 and Silver-Russell Syndrome 1.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; GO:0005178 integrin binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0008083 growth factor activity; GO:0030297 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0001503 ossification; GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation; GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development; GO:0001892 embryonic placenta development; GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process; GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis; GO:0031017 exocrine pancreas development; GO:0040018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; GO:0042104 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade; GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0046622 positive regulation of organ growth; GO:0046628 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0048009 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0048633 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth; GO:0050731 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051147 regulation of muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051148 negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division; GO:0051897 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; GO:0060669 embryonic placenta morphogenesis; GO:0060720 spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation; GO:0071514 genomic imprinting; GO:1905564 positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0031093 platelet alpha granule lumen

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  DVSTPPTVLPDNFPRYPVGKFFQYDTWKQSTQRL
  • Length:  34(93-126)
  • Propeptide:  MGIPMGKSMLVLLTFLAFASCCIAAYRPSETLCGGELVDTLQFVCGDRGFYFSRPASRVSRRSRGIVEECCFRSCDLALLETYCATPAKSERDVSTPPTVLPDNFPRYPVGKFFQYDTWKQSTQRLRRGLPALLRARRGHVLAKELEAFREAKRHRPLIALPTQDPAHGGAPPEMASNRK
  • Signal peptide:  MGIPMGKSMLVLLTFLAFASCCIA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  T4 O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine;T7 O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine
  • Mutagenesis:  20-20R->E: Does not affect integrin binding. Defective integrin binding and IGF2 signaling

Activity

  • Function:  Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK
  • Mechanism:  The IGF2 locus is imprinted. Paternal inherited gene is expressed, while the maternal inherited gene is imprinted, hence silenced. Transcripts from 5 promoters P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 code for the same protein but are differentially regulated in a developmental stage and tissue specificity.
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  IGF2R
  • Target Unid:  P11717
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01344-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002221_AF2.pdbhor002221_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 461829 Formula: C187H275N47O53
Absent amino acids: ACEHIM Common amino acids: P
pI: 9.12 Basic residues: 4
Polar residues: 10 Hydrophobic residues: 9
Hydrophobicity: -85.29 Boman Index: -7355
Half-Life: 1.1 hour Half-Life Yeast: 3 min
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 48.53
Instability Index: 3350.29 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 8480
Absorbance 280nm: 256.97

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  16912056
  • Title:  Preptin, Another Peptide Product of the Pancreatic Beta-Cell, Is Osteogenic in Vitro and in Vivo